In the following sentences, underline the gerund. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. D. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? General Patton had already turned down the position. D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. a.) Goebbels wrote: On the basis of the Tripartite Pact we will probably not [be able to avoid] a declaration of war on the United States. Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. preventing Soviet intervention in the region. Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. Usually there was bipartisan support for most US foreign policy initiatives. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . . The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? In a December 1945 Gallup poll, only 5% of Americans were willing to accept more European immigrants than the nation had prior to the war. A) the passing of the War Powers Acts. Also included are biographies of the fieldworkers who conducted and arranged the interviews, complete transcripts of the interviews, related manuscripts, and original disc sleeves. C. stable government Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. c.) The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he C. He created the American Red Cross to assist soldiers and their families. laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. B. A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. Through the end of World War II the United States would use it to provide a total of some $50 billion in aid (equal to $690 billion in 2020 dollars) to more than 30 nations around the globe, from . 300 seconds. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. D) three quarters, The Jewish population of Romania was reduced by approximately Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. B. boost the morale of troops by sending popular entertainers overseas. d.) Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. A. It granted Germany a testing ground for new technology. The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. "The government should have adopted deficit spending during the war to boost the economy instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. A. All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. They were historically significant. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, a world which still seemed to have no place for them. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. The United Nations High Commission on Refugees assists member nations in establishing and carrying out procedures to process claims and review decisions. D. While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? A) one million people. C. the Lend-Lease Act He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. Kristallnacht is the name given to describe a.) limiting further U.S. casualties D. A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. A. According to Truman, his main goal in deciding to use the atomic bomb was to How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods What is gangsterism? The 1951 Convention only applied to persons who became refugees as a result of events occurring [in Europe] before 1 January 1951. These limits in time and geography were in place until 1967, when the Refugee Protocol expanded refugee protection to people fleeing persecution worldwide on a more permanent basis. "We arranged sit-ins and other protests around Washington, D.C., as a part of our Double V Campaign." "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. D. A. The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. B. the refusal of the U.S. to trade any natural resources with Japan. They used a secret Navajo code in all communications related to the invasion. They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there. D) executive vice-president of the International Monetary Fund, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. In what periods was the Mississippi River a national boundary, and why was control of the river important for the United States? A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. b.) On December 8, Joseph Goebbels described Adolf Hitler as exceptionally happy when he learned the news. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. The IRO constitution stated that refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." c.) B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. They included Jews who had survived the Holocaust and many others who were fleeing the Soviet control. promote the spread of democracy all over the world. It could no longer defend the mainland. b.) . e) no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan and entered World War II. . Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. D) the Allies moved toward Germany from the east, west, and south. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." How does Donne's tone in this meditation support the point he is trying to make? Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. B) the end of World War II. ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. A. In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. c.) A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. purchasing government war bonds. To secure an unconditional surrender from Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of _____ and went through a period of economic instability. Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." What did the Nazi-Soviet pact accomplish for Germany? C) victory over Germany and Japan C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. a.) C. 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. . It was scattered and disorganized. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. a.) The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." Main telephone: 202.488.0400 The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials What was the effect of Hitler's blitzkrieg tactics? Underline each predicate adjective or compound predicate adjective in the following sentences. On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. A. A. the Allied naval forces FDR came to Yalta hoping to establish the groundwork for a practical and powerful United Nations, to be formed after the war, and also to convince the Russians to enter the war against Japan and help speed up . his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. D. Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. Under Article 33, known as the non-refoulement provision, refugees cannot be returned against their will to a place in which they would be endangered. B. They were the largest population centers in Japan. Which series of events is arranged in the correct chronological order? B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. B. the economy failed to improve. In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. B. the economy failed to improve. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. D. Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. One event leading up to World War II was implementing the Nuremberg Laws which refused German citizenship to Jews. D) publish material opposing the government. B. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. A. strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. Six million European Jews had been murdered. Washington, DC 20024-2126 We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication b.) Several bills were introduced to aid refugees; many more were introduced to curb or end immigration. What position did Eleanor Roosevelt take up after the war? work on the development of an atomic bomb. By the time the United States entered World War II, it had already been providing aid to areas threatened by Axis powers. A second set of recordings, in which the interviewees were asked to address their thoughts and opinions on the attack and the declaration of war directly to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was made under the auspices of the Office of Emergency Management in January and February 1942. What were the reasons behind the U.S. assault on the island of Guadalcanal? President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward displaced persons (DPs). These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. D) victory over the Axis Powers abroad and discrimination at home. What is the World War II? Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? How were the Allies able to keep the planned invasion at Normandy a secret from the Nazis? A. dying in action while leading his troops to victory at Iwo Jima. D. d.) C. 1,584cc air-cooled OHV flat 4-cylinder engine Single Solex 34 PICT 3 carburetor 46bhp at 4,000rpm 4-speed manual transmission 4-wheel independent suspension 4-wheel hydraulic drum brakes *Lots of dealer installed options *Complete with top, side curtains, and wooden floormats *Nary a more perfect summer ride exists The Type 181The Thing Volkswagen's "Thing" had its roots in a military . "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. b.) it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. What was the Double Victory? Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. D. A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. When did the United States enter World War I? "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. citizens." b.) The United States had the world's largest military force. Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? . was able to return its focus to domestic issues. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. State Department officials could advise a potential immigrant on the probability that he/she would be allowed to enter due to health or economic status, but entry decisions were made upon disembarking in the United States. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. D) The United States considered them enemy combatants. It relied too heavily on air support. While the United States had remained neutral in the war, it responded to Japans aggression in Asia with economic sanctions that caused severe shortages of natural resources that the Japanese needed for their war effort. a.) "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." ", d.) Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. C. He believed that cutting off Germany's shipping routes on the Atlantic was the key to winning the war. Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. He warned that there were "hard and bitter days ahead," but pledged that the United States and its allies would "have Ukraine's back" as the war . "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. D. flying more successful bombing missions over Japan than any other pilot in the war. C. to provide support to the Filipino rebels there who were putting up resistance to the Japanese One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that C. A) Spanish Civil War and World War II If a sentence has no predicate adjective, write None on the line provided. Otherwise, the recordings are presented as they were originally recorded. A) the war in Europe was over. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. "My uncle worked as a ship builder and told me about how President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. B. D. Japanese Americans feared that Japan would try to punish them for siding with the United States in the war. We are now in the midst of a war, not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for a world in which this Nation, and all that this Nation represents, will be safe for our children. D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. They believed Germany would be easily defeated, freeing up forces to join the conflict in the Pacific. 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