The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. 5 (54) Islam in the African AmericanExperience. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. Fard, 2017, by A.K. He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. On their marriage record, Ford gave his race as Spanish, his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 26. The true origins of W. D. Fard remain mired in obscurity. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. He told followers he was born in the holy city of Mecca, and his light-skinned appearance, courtesy of his Russian Jewish mother, was pre-ordained so that he could more easily mix with white people. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Black Muslims The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. Ford reported that he was a cook, age 26, born in Oregon and living in Los Angeles. Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. This fits with Ford's former professions. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. In contrast to Fards story, Karl Evanzz, noted NOI authority and author of The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad, has argued that Fard was born Wali Dodd Fard in New Zealand in 1893. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. From interviews with approximately 200 families who followed Fard, Beynon concluded: "Although the prophet lived in Detroit from July 4, 1930 until June 30, 1934, virtually nothing is known about him, save that he 'came from the East' and that he 'called' the Negroes of North America to enter the Nation of Islam. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. Farrakhan, a high-ranking member of NOI at the time of Elijah Muhammads death, became disillusioned with the new direction and quit the NOI in 1978. rcel.type = 'text/javascript'; WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. In 1930, W.D. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. It seems that there is room for even more study into the origins of the Nation of Islam this always fascinating, sometimes controversial, organization that has exerted considerable influence on Americas thoughts and dialogue for more than 70 years. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. I have no idea who Fard was but I doubt he was black, which is ironic. . Ugh, I've been going back and forth for the past ten minutes trying to decide if I think the pictures in link 1 and link 2 are of the same person. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. On the 1930 U.S. Census, a man listed as William D. Fard in Chicago, Illinois, gave his race as Mexican, his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 32. But I am not the same person who taught Elijah Muhammad and I am not God. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. Fard worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions. But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. He could very plausibly be Maori from New Zealand trying to pass as an Arab, or he could genuinely be Arabic. })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. Most sources in the Nation of Islam claim that he hailed from The Holy City Mecca in Saudi Arabia, 1920 Federal U.S. Census, Los Angeles City, Enumeration District 206, Sheet 10B, California State Board of Health, County of Orange, Certificate of Marriage, Local Registered No. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. Ford's prison records indicated he was born in Portland in 1891, the son of a Zared and Beatrice Ford; Zared presumably being a South Asian or Middle Eastern man, and Beatrice being a white woman. Fard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. April 15, 2022. Contemporary American Religion. "[62], Fard's lessons actually state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon, came to Africa, not Mecca.[63]. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Almost everyday we would have conversations (actually friendly debate) about his faith. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet". The first is the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, states whose ruling elite consisted, Islam He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. [40] The FBI's search for Fard was officially closed the following year on April 15, 1958. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. rcel.async = true; Artists who have made references within their music include Jay-Z ("I'm going to chase the Yacub back in the cave"[69]), Jay Electronica ("Lost tribe of Shabazz stylin' on the record", "The son of W.D., who hung around in the D, Who ran around in the three, The trap gods raised me, Face all on the Sphinx, Story all in the wall of the pyramids, Niggas know the Black God saved me"[69]), Brand Nubian ("This Asiatic black man is a dog spelled backwards, The maker, the owner, the cream of the planet earth, Father of civilization, God of the universe, Manifestin thought with my infinite styles, Making sure this travels twenty-three million miles, The other six I set the crucifix, Because the heart of the problem is this."[70]), and Ras Kass in the song "Riiiot" ("Now I got niggas claiming they saw God unfortunately, he wasn't in the person of Master Fard Muhammad").[71]. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The FBI file on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected (but never confirmed) to be Fard. But both Zared and Beatrice were said to have been born in Hawaii. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. Updates? On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, had a murky past. Alternate titles: F. Mohammed Ali, Wallace Fard Muhammad, Walli Farrad. The later official view of the Nation of Islam was that he was in Mecca. Although there is only one known picture of "Fard", there are a few known photographs of "Ford", mostly police mugshots: https://zaidpub.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/walaace-fard.jpg. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. Attendances to his sermons rapidly grow over the next three years and then suddenly, without announcing his departure, he disappears, never to be seen or heard from again. I taught him some lessons. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. But none can be verified and he is almost certainly long dead now. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. Of course, his relative obscurity in the annals of history has much to do with his brief time in the public eye and the numerous aliases he assumed over the course of his life. In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. Encyclopedia.com. But I don't get that instant feeling of recognition and "wow, these guys are obviously the same person! Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani a Greek" Morrow writes. WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. This is my own personal theory and it is out there so this is a fair warning: I believe that Ford was a FBI plant sent in as a cointel agent to gather intelligence on the civil rights movement that would getting traction in many inner city's and southern States. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. This cursory bit of knowledge was enough to satisfy my curiosity for many years, during which my contact with the Nation of Islam was limited to regularly buying bean pies from neatly dressed men standing on Livernois who were also peddling the groups newspaper, The Final Call. Farrakhan referred to the knowledge that Fard passed onto the NOI as actual facts. (The speech is at the Nations Web site at www.noi.org.). I am your brother. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. Another story described Fard as Palestinian. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. During our colored and Negro days, he was Black. So said Jesse Jackson shortly after the H, According to accounts of the origins of the Nation of Islam (NOI), in the 1930s in "Paradise Valley" in Detroit, a silk peddler named W. D. Fard bega, The expansion of Islam historically embraces two phenomena. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. Fard immigrated to the United States sometime before 1930. "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? In the 1920 United States Census, his race was reported as white, his occupation as a proprietor of a restaurant, and his place of birth as New Zealand. -, Press J to jump to the feed. Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. Two sons of Elijah Muhammad have variously identified him either as an Ahmadiyyah missionary from Pakistan, a position supported by Imam Warith Deen Muhammad, or as an Arab of "Turko-Persian" origins, a view offered by Akbar Muhammad. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. In 1981, Pakistani scholar Zafar Ishaq Ansari researched Fard's life and claimed that Fard was identical with Muhammad Abdullah, a Pakistani Ahmadiyya Muslim. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. But perhaps most notably, he was the man who founded the Nation of Islam, a political and religious organization that brought Malcolm X, one of the 20th centurys most important Americans, into the spotlight. "[58], Beynon also wrote: "The prophets message was characterized by his ability to utilize to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. The Black Muslims in America. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. The local police traced the murderer's ideology back to Fard and arrested him. And those who follow the Apostle would see the Light. [64][65] Fard wrote the following for his followers: "[T]he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by the Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH). Four years later, in 1963, they issued another story to a Los Angeles-based newspaper that claimed Ford and Fard were, in fact, the same person. MSN Weather tracks it all, from precipitation predictions to severe weather warnings, air quality updates, and even wildfire alerts. Accordingly, he gave his followers Arabic names to replace those that had originated in slavery. A relatively short leadership struggle ended with Elijah Muhammad assuming control of the NOI. [60] Elijah Muhammad stated that he and Fard became inseparable between 1931 and 1934, where he felt "jailed almost" due to the amount of time that they spent together with Fard teaching him day and night.[60]. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. Fred gave his age as 23 and his birthplace as Europe. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. The ATI was disbanded as ordered, though in name only; as the Nation of Islam, it continued to grow. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". ", Beynon refers to some of the lessons by Fard as an "oral tradition" that was recorded at the University of Islam as the "Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam." By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. He earned his living at various times as a restaurateur, gambler, bootlegger and traveling salesman. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Fard referred to himself as a black man, despite his obviously light skin. Jeffrey Eugenides novel Middlesex, which could justly be called a Detroit epic, includes a fascinating chapter in which the matriarch of the Stephanides family, Desdemona, takes a job as a silk worker at the Nation of Islams headquarters on Hastings Street. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. They claim Wallace Dodd Ford was not Wallace Fard Muhammad. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader [21][Note 1] These incidents drew police attention, according to Beynon, and contributed to persecutions and schisms. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. After Desdemona is hired and settles into a familiar routine of caring for the delicate silkworms the Nation of Islam breeds to make cloth, she discovers that she can hear the speeches of Master W.D. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. Contemporary American Religion. On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone? The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. [10], The annual Saviour's Day event is held in honor of Master Fard's birth. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. WebFind out who lives on Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. They traced one Wallace Dodd Ford of Los Angeles, a violent man with a criminal record who worked at a local restaurant. In that year, he established in Detroit the Temple of Islm as well as the University of Islm, which was the temples school, and the Fruit of Islm, a corps of male guards. https://68.media.tumblr.com/8baacfedb2c5ff0be7055d0550917d7e/tumblr_ne5vz9XWui1t1ova9o10_500.jpg. There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { Hijrah Magazine (MarchApril 1985). Their tainted, weakened blood was to blame for the white races immorality, which they frequently used to keep the black race in a perpetual state of half-freedom. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford. Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. [24] He established the University of Islam, where school-age children were taught, rather than in the public schools. Turner, Richard Brent. Within three years Fard had established several organizations: the "Temple of Islam," with its own worship style and rituals; the "University of Islam," to propagate his teachings; the "Muslim Girls Training," to teach female members home economics and how to be a proper Muslim woman; and the "Fruit of Islam," consisting of selected male members to provide security for the temple and Muslim leaders and to enforce the disciplinary rules. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. A Fred Dodd married Pearl Allen in Portland, Oregon in 1914. But as a prerequisite for black liberation, he stressed the importance of attaining "knowledge of self." His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Wallace Dodd Ford's race is the subject of some debate. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. He arrived in Detroit in 1930 with an obscure background and several aliases, and taught an idiosyncratic form of what he considered Islam to members of the city's black population. '"[59], Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for the first time in 1931. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. Officials said he came to the United States from Asia.". Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. He could've at least sent a letter! His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple."[57]. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. [61], Fard wrote, in his instructions to the leaders of his community, that they should "copy the Answers of Lesson of Minister Elijah Muhammad. Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the unity and cooperation of Muslims worldwide on the basis of their shared Islamic identity. Either way, most people who have investigated his life have come to the conclusion that he was probably mixed race and may have emigrated from New Zealand or the Middle East. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. Lincoln, C. Eric. One of the Conference Members by the name of Mr. Osman Sharrieff said to the Eleven Members of the Conference: 'The Lost-Found Nation of Islam will not return to their original Land unless they, first, have a thorough Knowledge of their own.' Black Muslims var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. Did Marco Polo ever reach China? He began to denounce the Bible, criticizing its passages, to the shock of his followers, until eventually he phased out his Bible readings and began teaching from the Quran. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." The 2 smear campaigns that were released also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish. Both provided their race as "Spanish"; Ford claimed that his parents, "Zaradodd" and "Babbjie", were natives of Madrid, Spain. The FBI were confident that Wallace Dodd Ford was, in fact, Wallace Fard Muhammad. He was an adviser of Elijah Muhammad since the late 1950s and was the tutor of his son and successor Warith Deen Mohammed.
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