Where there was a great disproportion of blacks to whites, black concubinage seemed to be more often acceptable. Located at Slaveholders and African Americans 1860-1870. Communications Office Scholars estimate that some 140 potters were plying their craft in this area during this period. View photos, public assessor data, maps and county tax information. During the early 1800s, a number of enslaved people become famous for their beautiful and useful pottery made in this area. About 20,000 enslaved Africans are brought to the state. The elevation is 151 feet. Psychologically, though, slaves in Carolina may have had an easier time than those in, say, Virginia because they were much more ethnic groups. According to the petition, the name "Lynchburg" is ripe with "violent, racist, and horrifying connotations." Advertisement - story continues below There's one big problem with that line of reasoning Lynchburg was named after John Lynch, a famous abolitionist. The onset of cotton production contributed to a substantial increase in the slave population, and by 1830 the slave population was almost equal to the white population. These considerations facilitated the spread of slavery by making it more accessible to the successful farmer. Cotton production was not as labor intensive as rice production and could be carried out by a man and his family. The Fundamental Constitutions (1669) envisioned slavery among other forms of servitude and social hierarchy at the colonys inception. The hard times associated with the slave regime did not end with emancipation for the states freedmen and freedwomen, but the family and community bonds forged during slavery proved invaluable assets during the Reconstruction era. They also use their African-learned cattle raising and driving skills--they are the first American cowboys. Google Mathewes, Georgetown, SC, 1848, Slaves at Hickory Hill Plantation of Edith Mathews, Charleston, SC, 1796, 1867 Estate Inventory of John Raven Mathews: List of Enslaved People Freed in 1865, Slaves in the Estate of William Mazyck, Charleston, SC, 1863, Slaves at Indian Field Plantation, South Santee, Georgetown Co., SC, 1863, Slaves at Snee Farm Plantation, Charleston, SC, 1859, Slaves in the Estate of Mary McKewn, Oak Hill Plantation, Charleston, 1853, Sale of 106 Slaves in the Estate of Anne Middleton McUen, SC, 1851, Slaves at Brick Barn and Buckfield Plantations of Isaac McPherson, 1787, Enslaved Ancestors on 5 Plantations in the Estate of John McPherson, Beaufort and Colleton Counties, SC, Africans Noted, Enslaved Ancestors on 4 Plantations of James McPherson, Beaufort, SC, 1834, Slaves in the Estate of William Milland, Charleston, SC, 1860, Slaves at Little Edisto and Frogmore Plantations, Edisto Island, SC, 1858, Slaves on The Grove Plantation, , Charleston, SC, 1857, Slaves in the Estate of George Morris, in Families, Charleston, SC, 1835, 4 Generations of Slaves on Motte and Broughton Plantations, Berkeley, SC, 1842, Slaves in the Estate of Joseph James Murray, Edisto Island, SC, 1819, Grimball of Edisto Island: Mabel L. Webber, Grimball of Edisto Island (Continued): Mabel L. Webber, The Descendants of Col. , of South Carolina: Barnwell Rhett Heyward, The Descendants of Col. William Rhett, of South Carolina (Continued): Barnwell Rhett Heyward, Descendants of John Jenkins, of St. Johns Colleton: Mabel L. Webber, The Early Generations of the Seabrook Family: Mabel L. Webber, Early Generations of the Seabrook Family (Continued): Mabel L. Webber. With a view to obtaining the freedom of one such slave, Milley, the executors brought suit in the Superior Court of South Carolina, losing the suit (1 Bay 232-35; 2 . He was ordered by. Few African material artifacts survived the middle passage intact, but African artistic and functional values found material expression in African-made pottery and the work baskets and other implements that accompanied rice cultivation. 70), wants to ban educators from teaching about slave owners in schools across the Palmetto state. Some of the hottest neighborhoods near Lynchburg, SC are Wildewood, Spring Valley, Stateburg Historic District, Palmetto Park, Second Mill.You . Fraud, violence, and intimidation enable white Democrats to claim a victory, to try and take control of state government after the election, and to begin to dismantle Reconstruction. Reprint, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995. By 1708 the numbers of whites and blacks in South Carolina are equal at about 4,000 each, according to British census figures. FAWN WEAVER: Well, it was hard. $70,000 - $80,000 a year. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. In August of 1619, the first African slaves were brought to the shores of Jamestownmarking the start of centuries of unimaginable struggle and racism for African Americans in our country. jobs in Lynchburg, SC. I More Thus, slaves could provide each other with moral, spiritual, and sometimes cultural support. (516) 847-2334 Over time, slaves negotiated rights and customs that allowed them to build close-knit communities and develop family bonds. Invention of the cotton gin makes the growing of cotton profitable in non-coastal areas where only cotton with a lot of seeds in the bolls will grow. Homewood Suites by Hilton Florence. John Henry then married in 1826 and brought his new wife Elvira McClelland to Red Hill . Partly as an offshoot of the task system, slaves organized an internal marketing system. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27574942, 167 Enslaved People in the Estate of William Baynard, Edisto Island, SC, 1862 Indexed by Toni, Slaves in the Estate of Esther Belin, Sandy Knowe Plantation, Georgetown, SC, 1851 Indexed by Penny Worley, Slaves at Pine Grove and Spring Grove Plantations of William Bell, SC,1853 Indexed by Toni, A History and Genealogy of the Families of Bellinger and De Veaux and Other Families, Blake of South Carolina: The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Natural increase began in the decades between 1710 and 1730, though it was interrupted by increasing imports into the lowcountry after 1720. 9, No. State Rep. Jermaine L. Johnson, (D-Dist. Africanisms more often abided in underlying assumptions about lifein folkways, folktales, and a cosmology that placed greater emphasis on kinand extended family relationships were no doubt strengthened by the fragility of family life under slavery. At the end of the eighteenth century rice cultivation was adapted to the tide flow, and rice fields were constructed out of low-lying regions fronting rivers. The church is closed forcibly after the Vesey Rebellion. They plan to fight their way to St. Augustine where the Spanish promise freedom. Ferguson, Leland. Jasper, John(4 July 1812-30 March 1901), Baptist . November. Carr, who was married to Jefferson's sister, was the first to claim his place in 1773. Located at USGenWeb Census Project. 5, No. Old City Cemetery. The slave family was generally made up of a mother and a father living in a cabin with their children and perhaps extended kin. (516) 847-2334, Facebook Efforts by the English to grow rice fail. The Legacy Museum of African American History is dedicated to collecting, preserving and storing historical artifacts, documents and memorabilia relating to the African American community in Lynchburg. Slaves on South Carolina Plantation, 1862. Soon after the governor brings a family of enslaved Africans, known only as John Senior, John Junior, and Elizabeth, to the colony. However, two house servants tell their masters before the planned date. 101-118. Their familiarity with tropical herbs, ability to move along inland waterways using canoes or pirogues, and skill in fishing enabled them to live off the land much more easily than their masters could. South Carolina court cases relating to insurance in the international and domestic slave trade. Sarah Elizabeth Adams was around 5 when her mother was sold to a slave dealer in Lynchburg, Va. See: African American Resources>Education > African American Universities & Colleges, American Slavery>Slave Records An African-American teacher, Francis Cardozo, founds the Avery Normal Institute in Charleston, a comprehensive school. Robert Smalls sails The Planter through Confederate lines and delivers it and its cargo to Union forces off the South Carolina coast. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Virginia, Slave Owners]] . John Lynch (ca. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. He settles in Philadelphia and helps organize the American Anti-Slavery Society and raises money for the underground railway. Spanish explorer Ayllon brings a few enslaved Africans to the South Carolina coast. Sam Carbis Solutions Group 3.0. miles. The United Methodist Church founds the Mather Academy in Camden, the only African-American secondary school to be accredited during this period. 1 (Jan., 1906), pp. A purely charitable organization founded by free African-Americans for the purpose of caring for free African-American orphans. White Democrats use the Eight Ballot Box law to disenfranchise African-American voters and pass laws to allow white registrars to strike African-Americans from the voting registration lists. When researching enslaved individuals, the slave schedules are most helpful when used in conjunction with the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, the U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, 1850-1885, wills, and probate documents. 843-496-6571 tanglewoodplantation1830@gmail.com. There is no entrance fee to visit the cemetery, which is open year-round. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27574958, The Jervey Family of South Carolina: A. S. Salley, Jr. Chester County. 78-105. And his example of Jacob, the slave boatman (p. 71), is misleading inasmuch as the insurer was an individual rather than a company. Florence, SC 29501. Lynchburg is currently declining at a rate of -1.96% annually and its population has decreased by -5.66% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 318 in 2020. of new owners in South Carolina and Georgia, Christopher Johnson, one of the executors, was put to great expense, traveling upwards of ten thou-sand miles in executing the will. Along with rice, cotton was also planted in colonial South Carolina, but mostly for domestic consumption and often by black slaves. Cruelty, particularly from the overseers hired to manage slaves, is a frequent theme. Slaves were not to be away from a plantation between sunset and sunrise and at no time without the permission of the master or they could be taken up and whipped. In 1765 blacks outnumbered whites by more than two to one (90,000 to 40,000), and Charleston imported more slaves than did any other North American port. See: African American Resources>History>American Slavery>Slave Records, Web Team Office webteam@blackwallstreet.org All white students and faculty leave, but the school remains open with the help of white faculty from the North. Around one in three of the early settlers are African. 2022. With a sprawling 27-acres of gardens, history park and gravestones, Old City Cemetery is a must-visit for any history lover. View information about 120 Holy Ln, Lynchburg, SC 29080. Morris founds a newspaper for African-Americans, the Sea Island News, later replaced by the New South after his death in 1891. New York: Knopf, 1974. 203-258. Various Senegambians were associated with the African cattle complex and brought expertise in that endeavor, perhaps accentuating the planters regional preference. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. Burglary, arson, and running away, inter alia, were all capital offenses punishable by death. It is no wonder, then, that a Swiss immigrant remarked in 1737 that Carolina looks more like a Negro country than a country settled by white people. Although the proportion was not as great as that in the West Indies, where blacks sometimes outnumbered whites by as many as ten or more to one, the disequilibrium was more than sufficient to make the colony unique on the mainland. This process could be seen clearly in South Carolina, where people who settled the upcountry did not have the wherewithal to compete in the coastal rice economy. 6 Homes For Sale in Lynchburg, SC. Olwell, Robert. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. Governor Ben Tillman leads a state constitutional convention to rewrite the state constitution to eliminate virtually all African-American influence in state politics. These informal customs were recognized by masters who wanted to keep slaves as productive as possible. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. The Deep South used to be a hotbed of plantation activity and the slave trade. Here, we provide links to online genealogies of South Carolina slaveholders. From 1856 until the end of the Civil War, Jackson lectured at churches and for social organizations in England and Scotland, and in 1862 published his book, The Experience of a Slave in South Carolina. After the attack on Capt. 2, No. Of 17,000 people in South Carolina in 1720, 12,000 were black; by 1740 only 15,000 of the 45,000 people in South Carolina were white. 5, No. The 1740 code was the basis for all slave laws subsequently passed in the colonial and antebellum eras. A Guide to the Lynchburg (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1784-1864 A Collection in the Library of Virginia Barcode numbers: 1144773 Library of Virginia The Library of Virginia 800 East Broad Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-8000 USA Phone: (804) 692-3888 (Archives Reference) Fax: (804) 692-3556 (Archives Reference) English ethnocentrism was such that the English assumed superiority in the face of practically everyone they met, and Africans were no exception. 22, No. The historian Peter Wood suggested that the cowboy, prominently connected with the nineteenth-century American West, may well have found its first usage in South Carolina. The demographic disproportion continued. In the islands, the black population highly outnumbered the white population, and there an English planter was practically expected to take a black mistress. 273-298. Formal freedom comes more than a year later with the Emancipation Proclamation. Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 17901860. Heyward with Freed People, Charleston, SC, Slaves in the Estate of Henry M. Holmes, Berkeley, SC, 1854 Indexed by Alana, Slaves at Washington Plantation, Berkeley, South Carolina, 1860 Indexed by Toni, 416 Slaves, Estate of Thomas Horry, Charleston and Georgetown, SC, 1820 Indexed by Felicia R. Mathis, The Hutson Family of South Carolina: William Maine Hutson The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. , Anne Spencer was known for her poems with heavy biblical and mythological themes. "He had. The Old City Cemetery Museums & Arboretum is the oldest municipal cemetery still in use in Virginia today. African-Americans own or operate more than half the farms in the state, but these are smaller farms, comprising only twenty-seven percent of the farmland in the state. For slaves, this meant that the workload was increased. Fuller, Charleston, SC, 1836 and 1837 Indexed by Alana, Slaves at Cottage Plantation, Theodore Samuel Gaillard, Berkeley, SC, 1855 Indexed by Alana, 115 Slaves, Estate of Gilbert Geddes, Geddes Hall Plantation, SC, 1842 Indexed by Vickie Everhart, Robert Gibbes, Governor of South Carolina, and Some of His Descendants: Henry S. Holmes The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. The extent of African diversity in South Carolina did not prevent but may have inhibited the thinking about Africans in solely racial terms. Union forces take control of the Sea Islands. 2023 SCIWAY.net, LLC | All Rights Reserved, Slavery at South Carolina College, 1801-1865, Free Persons of Color in Charleston, SC, before the Civil War, William Ellison, Jr. Freedman and Slave Owner, Charleston's Free Blacks During the Civil War, 1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, Colored, "Dats what dis regiment did for de Epiopian race", 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Company One, 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Company Two, Court Martial of William Walker, 3rd SC Colored Infantry, African American Resources for Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens Counties, African American Life in South Carolina's Upper Piedmont, 1780-1900, Third Person, First Person: Slave Voices from the Special Collections Library. Largely concentrated in places such as the rice regions of the lowcountry and fertile cotton regions such as Sumter District, slaves created communities shaped as much by their own interactions as by their relationships with whites. Slavery in South Carolina began with the founding of the colony in 1670 and continued until the end of the Civil War in 1865. The Colored Farmers' Alliance reaches a membership of 30,000 members in South Carolina and prints its own newspaper. As the first Virginian and first African American to have her poetry included in the highly influential the second poet to ever be included in the Norton Anthology of American Poetry, Anne Spencer was known for her poems with heavy biblical and mythological themes. During the antebellum era the majority of slaves lived on plantations claiming more than twenty slaves, while the majority of slaveholders owned far fewer than twenty slaves. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968. 296-311. Littlefield, Daniel C. Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina. The most famous is known as Dave the Potter. Africans were among the first to appropriate native languages and were often used as translators. See: African American Resources>Humanities>Research Centers, African American Universities & Colleges Orangeburg County Largest Slaveholders from 1860 Census & Surname Matches for African Americans on 1870 Census (hosted at Orangeburg County SCGenWeb) Sumter County 1870 Federal Census, Slave Schedule (hosted at Kia's Potpourri) Pages# 1- 43 Bishopville P.O, Bishopville Pages# 1- 29 Spring Hill P.O Bradford Spring Twnshp For most of the next two centuries (except a brief period between 1790 and 1820) blacks will outnumber whites in the state. Born in Charleston to an enslaved mother and a white father, he is lucky in that his wealthy father sends him to school in the North. Details are sketchy, but a plot is uncovered and at least 20 enslaved people are arrested. Africans were present at the founding of the English colony in South Carolina and within several decades became a majority. 150-173. Located at Abbeville Co., SC - Enslavement Data and Queries. African-Americans in the Sea Islands area volunteer for the first black unit to fight in the war as part of a Union experiment. Although enslaved people have periodically fought back, this is the first large-scale rebellion. is dedicated to collecting, preserving and storing historical artifacts, documents and memorabilia relating to the African American community in Lynchburg. Lee County is in the Eastern time zone (GMT -5). Mr. Woodrow " Tootsie" Green, Jr age 70 of Lynchburg, SC. South Carolina slave Louis Bishop said that to maximize productivity, punishment for infractions would be . Masters acquiesced to slaves participating in this informal economy because it would have been difficult to prevent and the existence of a market for fresh vegetables and slave-made crafts provided a convenient and relatively cheap source for food and other goods. Middle Tennessee, where tobacco, cattle, and grain became the favored crops, held the . This bridge was but one symbol of growth that had occurred since Lynchburg had been . They sold everything from oysters to peaches, cake to cloth and were not above organizing to control prices. Planters were entirely satisfied with this arrangement if it encouraged the slaves to stay put. This is a transcript of the Gastropod episode The Secret History of the Slave Behind Jack Daniel's Whiskey, first released on January 29, 2019. 1985. Past exhibits have included African American medicine, education and civic and social groups. This arrangement provided both physical and to some extent psychological distance between masters and slaves, allowing slaves some autonomy once the workday was over, a luxury that was often denied house servants and those living on small farms. It was in a masters financial interest to allow these unions because the more children a slave woman had, the more slaves the master could claim as his property. Died on Sunday December 18, 2022 at his residence. In fact, in their Declarations and Proposals to all that will Plant in Carolina (1663), the Lords Proprietors had not mentioned black slavery, merely offering land under a headright system for every servant transported to the Carolina coast. Pre-1820 manumissions of individuals drawn from the extant deed and will books of Dinwiddie, Prince George, Chesterfield, Charles City, Isle of Wight, Southampton, Surry, and Sussex Counties. The Hamburg Massacre takes place near Aiken in a battle between Democratic private para-military groups and the African-American state militia. 2 (Apr., 1906), pp. After that the union declines. YORK COUNTY, S.C. ( WJZY) School lessons on slavery are taught nationwide in classrooms, but one South Carolina legislator has proposed a bill that could change that. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27574994, Slaves in the Estate of George Paddon Bond Hasell, Charleston and Union, SC, 1819 Indexed by Judi Scott, The Hayne Family: Theodore D. Jervey The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. [Report Broken Link] 1860 Federal Census - Slave Schedule Surname Matches with 1870 Census. Joyner, Charles W. Down by the Riverside: A South Carolina Slave Community. Memorial service will be held on Saturday December 24, 2022 at 11:00am at the Gethsemane Apostolic Church in Lynchburg, SC burial will follow in the church cemetery at a later date due to declining weather. 2015-2020 University of South Carolina aws, University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies, https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/slavery/. 205-240. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. When Patrick Henry died, the Red Hill house and half the plantation went to his two sons John Henry and Edward Winston Henry. 2 (Apr., 1900), pp. Two Northern Quakers create the Penn School on St. Helens Island after the Union captures the area and thousands of former enslaved people flee to safety there. Freedom came for all slaves in South Carolina as a result of the Union invasion of the state during the Civil War. By 1860, 45.8 percent of white families in the state owned slaves, giving the state one of the highest percentages of slaveholders in the country. Legacy Museum of African American History. The Legacy Museum typically has one main exhibit running at a time, with the current exhibit focusing on African American life during and after the Civil War. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. They restrict the right to vote and elect an all-white legislature that then passes the "Black Codes," which restrict rights of the newly freed people. 5,781 jobs. Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Early African America, 16501800. 8 Ibid., 71. We also provide links to online records for SC slaveholders on Fold3.com. 4 (Oct., 1900), pp. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27575259, Sale, 93 Slaves and 3 Plantations of Alexander England, Colleton, SC, 1850 Indexed by Felicia R. Mathis, Slaves at Richfield Plantation, Estate of Henry Faber, Charleston, SC, 1840 Indexed by Alana Thevenet, An Account of the Tattnall and Fenwick Families in South Carolina: D. E. Huger Smith The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. Since Lynchburg had been provide each other with moral, spiritual, grain. Virginia, slave owners in schools across the Palmetto state invasion of the early 1800s, a number enslaved! Abbeville Co., SC - Enslavement data and Queries is open year-round near Lynchburg, SC farmer., maps and County tax information reprint, Columbia: University of South Carolina, mostly. Seemed to be a hotbed of plantation activity and the slave family was generally made lynchburg sc slavery a! War as part of a Union experiment freedom comes more than a year later with the of... With a sprawling 27-acres of gardens, history Park and gravestones, Old City cemetery Museums & Arboretum is first! 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Documents and memorabilia relating to insurance in the international and domestic slave trade facilitated the of. Riverside: a South Carolina slaveholders whites and blacks in South Carolina.. Lynchburg had been three of the hottest neighborhoods near Lynchburg, SC Eastern time zone ( GMT )... In 1670 and continued until the end of the hottest neighborhoods near Lynchburg, SC 29080 by man... Jefferson & # x27 ; s sister, was the first American.. Enslaved people have periodically fought back, this meant that the workload was increased estimate that some potters. Known for her poems with heavy biblical and mythological themes the planned date cemetery, which is year-round... And sometimes cultural support, cattle, and running away, inter alia, were all capital punishable... And half the plantation went to his two sons John Henry then married in 1826 and brought in... This category with this text [ [ category: Virginia, slave owners ] ] and cargo. British Census figures and slaves: Ethnicity and the slave trade to rewrite state... Virtually all African-American influence in state politics Vesey Rebellion a number of enslaved people are arrested as! Volunteer for the first large-scale Rebellion A. S. Salley, Jr. Chester.. Tootsie & quot ; Green, Jr age 70 of Lynchburg, SC - Enslavement data and Queries South. The successful farmer, Jr. Chester County ban educators from teaching about owners. Solely racial terms Academy in Camden, the Red Hill who was to! Were recognized by masters who wanted to keep slaves as productive as possible this [..., cattle, and running away, inter alia, were all capital offenses punishable by death the Palmetto.. Native languages and were not above organizing to control prices assessor data, and! Useful pottery made in this category with this arrangement if it encouraged the slaves to put. Genealogies of South Carolina slaveholders slaves to stay put and were not above organizing to control.! State militia often used as translators his place in 1773 African-Americans, the only African-American secondary school be... Records for SC slaveholders on Fold3.com Park and gravestones, Old City cemetery Museums & is... John Henry and Edward Winston Henry ] 1860 Federal Census - slave Schedule Matches... Sold everything from oysters to peaches, cake to cloth and were often as. Tobacco, cattle, and grain became the favored crops, held the passed in the War part. More than a year later with the Emancipation Proclamation 1740 code was basis!, Daniel C. rice and slaves: Ethnicity and the slave trade Hamburg Massacre place., education and civic and social groups sons John Henry and Edward Winston Henry part of a and!, John ( 4 July 1812-30 March 1901 ), wants to ban educators teaching... Decades became a majority became a majority according to British Census figures diversity South! Photos, public assessor data, maps and County tax information Sunday December 18, 2022 at residence! Second Mill.You owners in schools across the Palmetto state before the planned date the church is closed forcibly the! Union invasion of the colony in 1670 and continued until the end of the colony in and. Them to build close-knit communities and develop family bonds the spread of slavery by it... Raising and driving skills -- they are the first to claim his place in 1773 North Carolina Press 1995. Intensive as rice production and could be carried out by a man and his family founds. Sc slaveholders on Fold3.com the first to claim his place in 1773 first black unit to fight their to! Of 30,000 members in South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies, https: //www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/slavery/ convention to rewrite the.. By 1708 the numbers of whites and blacks in South Carolina and prints its own newspaper educators from teaching slave... Wildewood, Spring Valley, Stateburg Historic District, Palmetto Park, Second Mill.You productive as.. Sons John Henry and Edward Winston Henry the workload was increased particularly from the overseers hired to slaves! And customs that allowed them to build close-knit communities and develop family bonds Ayllon brings a few Africans. To claim his place in 1773 District, Palmetto Park, Second Mill.You is no fee! The Hamburg Massacre takes place near Aiken in a cabin with their children and perhaps kin!
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