Stanford demonstrated its Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Cart, a small wheeled robot that once accidentally navigated onto a nearby road. Jenna Monet of Arizona is killed when the Model 3 her husband is driving collides with the rear of a parked fire truck in Indiana, according to local news reports. Eight of the Tesla crashes took place before June 2021, according to data released by NHTSA on Wednesday morning. The first model produced in 2008 could travel almost 250 miles on a single battery, with acceleration and top speed compared to many consumer-level sports cars. [119] The system will operate in "shadow mode" (processing without taking action) and send data back to Tesla to improve its abilities until the software is ready for deployment via over-the-air upgrades. the driver can text or watch a movie. by Mike Brown Oct. 25, 2021 mikkelwilliam/E+/Getty. . This remains the company's name to this day. First, let's define exactly what constitutes 'autopilot'-like . This is why its possible for Tesla to have a million robotaxis by end of 2020 if we upgrade existing HW2 fleet of ~500k & make at least ~500k FSD cars. Photo: Consumer Reports, Tesla begins deliveries of its new Model S sedan to customers. By the middle of the decade, the systems have become available on some high-end vehicles. The system enables the car to . Several days prior to the Bay Bridge accident, on November 18 in Ohio, a Tesla Model 3 crashed into a stopped Ohio State Highway Patrol SUV which had its hazard lights flashing. Tesla is historically noted for his significant contributions to electrical engineering and sciences, and in recent decades has become a pop culture icon among engineers. The detector circuits were able to send impulses to guide the car and determine the presence and velocity of any metallic vehicle on its surface. 2020 - On the wave of a strong fiscal quarter and analyst upgrades, Tesla stock surges, eventually reaching over $900. Two years later, in 1995, a different car was tested by driving from Seoul to Busan via the Gyeongbu Highway in 1995. 2009 - Facing financial troubles, Tesla seeks investment from Daimler AG and a loan from the Department of Energy. Within this package service, the first dedicated insurance for the autonomous driving system provider is also included. The Full. But self-driving cars rely on deep learning, and the technology just isn't there yet. [citation needed]. This led to an amendment to Musk and Tesla's original settlement which now requires active oversight of Musk's Twitter It starts at just over $83,000, will deliver up to 324 miles of range, and DC fast charging can add up to 90 miles of range for a rapid 10-minute charge. In mid-February 2023, news broke of the Tesla self-driving car recall due to concerns by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, or the NHTSA. Musk, who led the design of the Roadster, becomes CEO in 2008. He is replaced by interim CEO Michael Marks. Photo: South Jordan, Utah, Police Department. That momentum got even stronger in 2020, and as reports of yet another massively profitable quarter came in, shares surged to unprecedented levels. This puts them at a dramatic disadvantage compared to the minutes it takes to refill a car with gasoline. This transition did not happen without controversy. A similar device, now marketed as a cell phone holder, is still for sale. [105] Also in April 2016, the carmaker announced plans to begin a trial in London in 2017 with 100 Volvo XC90 plug-in hybrids fitted with Drive Me technology. NHTSA orders Tesla to share information about the design of Autopilot and Full-Self Driving, any reports of crashes involving the technologies, and any marketing materials that state what the technologies can do. (It is also, by square footage, one of the largest buildings in the world.). Tesla Autopilot is a suite of advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) features offered by Tesla that amounts to SAE International Level 2 vehicle automation. This act requires that the vehicle be capable of safely and lawfully driving itself without being controlled and without needing to be monitored, when in automated mode[175], In July 2021, France updated its code de la route law in regard to automated vehicles (vhicule dlgation de conduite). [118], Starting October 2016, Tesla says that all of their cars are built with the necessary hardware to allow full self-driving capability at a safety level (SAE Level 5). [61] In 2012, Volkswagen began testing a "Temporary Auto Pilot" (TAP) system that will allow a car to drive itself at speeds of up to 80 miles per hour (130km/h) on the highway. These were some of the words that were spoken by Korean Netizens, who expressed disappointment about the cancellation of the program years later. In March 2018, the death of Elaine Herzberg in Arizona was the first reported fatal crash involving a self-driving vehicle and a pedestrian in the United States. After opening at $310.12 on Jan. 1 and reaching a high of $347.31, Tesla's stock price has dropped considerably. It began with six located in California and, at the time of publishing, has expanded to operate more than 1,000 worldwide. In March 2021, Honda began leasing in Japan a limited edition of 100 Legend Hybrid EX sedans equipped with the newly approved Level 3 automated driving equipment which was granted the safety certification by Japanese government to their autonomous "Traffic Jam Pilot" driving technology, and legally allow drivers to take their eyes off the road. Photo: South Jordan, Utah, Police Department In 2013 the company made its first quarterly profit, and the following year announced its Gigafactory in Nevada. In May 2022, Mercedes-Benz launched sales of its Drive Pilot system in Germany. 2009 - Eberhard files a lawsuit against Tesla and Musk alleging that he was forced out of the company, and that Musk has taken credit for creating a company that Eberhard and Tarpenning built. Source: NTSB. It uses radar to warn the driver if the vehicle ahead is slowing down, and automatically applies the brakes if the driver doesnt respond. The robot achieved speeds exceeding 109 miles per hour (175km/h) on the German Autobahn, with a mean time between human interventions of 5.6 miles (9.0km), or 95% autonomous driving. On Monday, Elon Musk announced his plans to get Tesla's self-driving technology ready for release by year-end, according to a Reuters . According to the NHTSA, preliminary reports indicate the crash occurred when the tractor-trailer made a left turn in front of the Tesla at an intersection on a non-controlled access highway, and the car failed to apply the brakes. [9] Other programs in the field include the 2GetThere passenger vehicles from the Netherlands and the DARPA Grand Challenge in the USA; some plans for bimodal public transport systems include autonomous cars as a component.[64]. These include adaptive cruise control, a system that monitors distances to adjacent vehicles in the same lane, adjusting the speed with the flow of traffic; lane assist, which monitors the vehicle's position in the lane, and either warns the driver when the vehicle is leaving its lane, or, less commonly, takes corrective actions; and parking assist, which assists the driver in the task of parallel parking. [66], In October 2010, an attorney for the California Department of Motor Vehicles, raised concerns that "[t]he technology is ahead of the law in many areas", citing state laws that "all presume to have a human being operating the vehicle". Source: NTSB [106], A*STAR's Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) developed a self-driving vehicle which was the first to be approved in Singapore for public road testing at one-north in July 2015. [129], In March 2018, the world's first fully electric self-driving bus that is open to the general public is launched in Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Switzerland. "SIP-adus" (1st phase: 20142018, 2nd phase: 20192023), Japan's national project which was led by. Action Alerts PLUS is a registered trademark of TheStreet, Inc. Entering 2018 Tesla faced several difficulties. He was succeeded first by Michael Marks, a Tesla investor who served as temporary CEO. PayPal co-founder Elon Musk becomes chairman in 2004 and is later referred to as a co-founder. The few states that have passed laws allowing autonomous cars on the road limit their use for testing purposes, not the use by the general public. In short, there are no fully self-driving cars available to buy as of late 2022, and there won't be for the foreseeable future. 2014 - Tesla announces its Nevada Gigafactory, where the company will manufacture the batteries for all of its products. GPS points were placed and obstacle types were located in advance. [71] Nevada's test regulations required a person behind the wheel and one in the passenger's seat during tests. Tesla is recalling 362,000 cars with full self-driving tech, which can cause crashes. Photo: South Jordan, Utah, Police Department, Protect Yourself From Indoor Air Pollution, How Teslas Marketing Hype Got Ahead of Its Technology, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The company claimed that many of these problems came from its supply chain, which required it to inefficiently source parts from around the world rather than build and assemble the cars in one place. [23][24][25], It was further demonstrated on 5 June 1960, at RCA Lab's headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey, where reporters were allowed to "drive" the cars. In 2008 Tesla also announced its first attempt at bringing down the cost of its products, the Model S sedan which would retail for $76,000, three-quarters of the price of the Roadster. The vehicles are autonomous, do not feature a steering wheel or pedals, nor do they have a safety driver or steward on board. The agency also claims that Tesla vehicles have had fewer crashes with airbag deployment after the introduction of Autopilot. He also promises that Teslas will be able to drive significantly better than humans within two to three years, and he says that within two years it will be possible to remotely summon a Tesla from across the country. Tesla's Full Self-Driving beta software is being put on hold for new installs until after the automaker addresses issues that forced a recall this month. Eberhard dropped his suit later that same year. "Our self-driving cars are being hit surprisingly often by other drivers who are distracted and not paying attention to the road. [174], Until 27 October 2020 British Government is seeking views to understand if ALKS technology is compliant with the definition of automation under the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018. Tesla's Full Self-Driving is considerably more sophisticated. This recall aims to ensure the company updates the cars' Full Self-Driving (FSD) Beta Software. After Tesla releases an update to Navigate on Autopilot, a feature designed to automate some lane changing functions, CR tests the feature. [131], 2019 Then NTSB-chair Robert Sumwalt says that only Tesla ignored the request, according to a Reuters report. In October 2014 Tesla Motors announced its first version of Autopilot. By January 2018 Tesla was producing its Model 3 sedans at a fraction of the rate it had anticipated. In its investigation of a nonfatal crash between a Tesla and a parked fire truck, the NTSB again criticizes Autopilot, saying that Teslas design makes it too easy for drivers to mentally disengage from the task of driving. The crash is now on a list that NHTSA is investigating because of potential Autopilot involvement. Tesla disappoints owners with updated language around 'Full Self-Driving Beta' Fred Lambert Feb 27 2023 2024 Chevy Blazer EV spotted undisguised for the first time 2020 [173] This set off a round of active trading as investors raced to grab shares before the privatization buyback, elevating the company's stock price by 10% before trading was halted. It is intended to shuttle people around "pedestrianized city centers, large industrial sites, airports, theme parks, university campuses or hospital complexes."[90]. Tesla releases Tesla Version 7.0 software, enabling Autopilot as a feature for Model S drivers. Achen Motor, a distributor of cars in Milwaukee and surrounding territory, used Francis' invention under the name "Phantom Auto" and demonstrated it in December 1926 on the streets of Milwaukee. [63] In January 2013, Toyota demonstrated a partially self-driving car with numerous sensors and communication systems. It reached a year-to-date low of $178.97 in June. Heres how Tesla grew from a Silicon Valley startup into the worlds most valuable auto companyand the events that aligned to make that happen. [1] It was demonstrated again in June 1932 on the streets of Fredericksburg as a feature attraction of Bigger Bargain Day, in which most of the merchants of the city participated. Over a three-month period, the company managed to finish and ship 2,400 cars after promising consumers and investors that it could complete more than 5,000 per week. Four states Ohio, Massachusetts, New York and California were bidding for the construction. Receive full access to our market insights, commentary, newsletters, breaking news alerts, and more. Google's director of self-driving cars at the company said he does not think there is a regulatory block as far as the self-driving vehicle met crash-test and other safety standards. [95], In March 2015 Tesla Motors announced that it will introduce its Autopilot technology by mid 2015 through a software update for the cars equipped with the systems that allow autonomous driving. While still a luxury sedan, the Model S was Tesla's first step toward the mainstream consumer market (away from the specialized sector of sports car drivers). Jones, W.D. These locations offered free charging to Tesla owners, faster than using a common wall outlet. 2003 - Tesla Motors founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in San Carlos, California. Extensive systems engineering work and research culminated in Demo '97 on I-15 in San Diego, California, in which about 20 automated vehicles, including cars, buses, and trucks, were demonstrated to thousands of onlookers, attracting extensive media coverage. [123] The University of Toronto Team aUToronto has claimed all 4 years of first place award with their autonomous vehicle Zeus. We discovered several scenarios that could make it difficult for a user to stop the vehicleincluding a dropped key fob or an accidental shutdown of the app while the car was in motion. We find that they work inconsistently. The payment for your account couldn't be processed or you've canceled your account with us. Further, the company immediately ran into the problem of charging time. Tesla has been selling Full Self-Driving since April 2019, when it was available for $5,000. A previous test installation of the system in September 1954 along U.S. Route 73 and U.S. Route 75 in Cass County, Nebraska, was utilized as an experimental traffic counter. The ParkShuttle, billed as the world's first driverless vehicle,[46] is an automated people mover which uses artificial reference points (magnets) embedded in the road surface to verify its position. The autonomous car passed the test, but was not tested at roundabouts, no-signal railroad crossings, or school zones. [28], In 1960, Ohio State University's Communication and Control Systems Laboratory launched a project to develop driverless cars which were activated by electronic devices embedded in the roadway. Lucas Ropek. The Tesla self-driving system will rely on eight cameras positioned around the car. [93][94], In February 2015, the UK Government announced it would oversee public trials of the LUTZ Pathfinder driverless pod in Milton Keynes. After spending several months over $200, reports of much stronger-than-expected Q3 earnings sent the stock price surging. [76][77], In August 2013 Nissan announced its plans to launch several driverless cars by 2020. Lidar quickly became an integral sensor for self-driving vehicles, and five out of six of the vehicles that finished the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge used Velodyne's product. Powered by consumers. Last edited on 10 December 2022, at 17:06, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, National Institute of Standards and Technology, DARPA (the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), Learn how and when to remove this template message, VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, "Prof. Schmidhuber's highlights of robot car history", "Video Friday: Bosch and Cars, ROVs and Whales, and Kuka Arms and Chainsaws", "Audi of America > news > Pool > Reaffirmed Mission for Autonomous Audi TTS Pikes Peak", "Nissan car drives and parks itself at Ceatec", "Toyota sneak previews self-drive car ahead of tech show", "Google's Self-Driving Cars: 300,000 Miles Logged, Not a Single Accident Under Computer Control", "Vislab, University of Parma, Italy - 8000 miles driverless test begins", "VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge: Inaugural Ceremony Milan, Italy", "Vislab, University of Parma, Italy - Public Road Urban Driverless-Car Test 2013 - World premiere of BRAiVE", "Snyder OKs self-driving vehicles on Michigan's roads", "UK to allow driverless cars on public roads in January", "Legal regulation of autonomous driving technology: Current conditions and issues in Japan", "Germany: Road Traffic Act Amendment Allows Driverless Vehicles on Public Roads", "Nebraska tested driverless car technology 60 years ago", https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/motors/25-concept-cars-from-the-jet-age-a3644241.html, "How the first "driverless car" was invented in Britain in 1960", "ALVINN: an autonomous land vehicle in a neural network", "Heard of self-driving Santro from 90s? . Head of the project, Dr. Robert L. Cosgriff, claimed in 1966 that the system could be ready for installation on a public road in 15 years.[29]. [99] Tesla's autonomous driving features are ahead of production cars, and can be classified as is somewhere between level 2 and level 3 under the defunct NHTSA five levels of vehicle automation. The driver was killed in a crash with a large 18-wheel tractor-trailer. The information is due Oct. 22, 2021. Tesla began 2019 by laying off 7% of its employees and publicly contemplated closing most of its dealerships and laying off its retail employees in March. They launched their company to develop and produce an entirely electric car, in part, based on the favorable reaction test markets had to General Motor's Consumer Reports conducts a series of evaluations of Teslas Full Self-Driving Capability features. Overall funding for the program was in the range of $90 million. 2018 - Musk and Tesla accept a settlement from the SEC. "L3Pilot" (201722) a large-scale piloting of automated driving with developed SAE Level 3 and Level 4 functions in passenger cars was conducted in Europe during the period between September 2017 and February 2022. [62] Ford has conducted extensive research into driverless systems and vehicular communication systems. [110], The first known fatal accident involving a vehicle being driven by itself took place in Williston, Florida on 7 May 2016 while a Tesla Model S electric car was engaged in Autopilot mode. Some analysts believed that the company has a pattern of cultural, leadership and technical problems that will cause more serious problems in the long run. The NTSB removes Tesla as a party to its investigation into the crash that killed Huang after Tesla publicly releases crash data and speculates on the cause of the crash, violating an agreement between the NTSB and the automaker that Tesla would not comment on the crash during the course of the investigation. David Hall of Velodyne competed in the event with a prototype lidar sensor, which he then manufactured with Velodyne LiDAR. Tesla has revealed the AI technology it's created to teach its thousands of cars to drive themselves in the race to revolutionize the transportation industry. Shortly after Musks announcement, 23-year-old Gao Yaning is killed in the province of Hebei, China, on the way home from a family wedding when the Tesla Model S he is driving crashes into the back of a street sweeper, according to a Jalopnik interview with the victims father. In 2004 and is later referred to as a cell phone holder, still. By the middle of the Tesla self-driving system will rely on deep learning, and more by January Tesla. 'S test regulations required a person behind the wheel and one in the passenger 's seat during tests passed test. By other drivers who are distracted and not paying attention to the minutes it takes to refill car. A crash with a prototype lidar sensor, which he Then manufactured with Velodyne.. Self-Driving tech, which can cause crashes new York and California were bidding for the autonomous car passed the,... Deliveries of its Drive Pilot system in Germany s Full self-driving since April,. Its Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Cart, a different car was tested by driving from to! Motors announced its first version of Autopilot a co-founder the Department of Energy driving provider... Insurance for the autonomous driving system provider is also included the crash is now on a list that NHTSA investigating. Ag and a loan from the Department of Energy large 18-wheel tractor-trailer Musk becomes chairman in and! Data released by NHTSA on Wednesday morning time of publishing, has expanded to operate more 1,000... Nearby road since April 2019, when it was available for $.! Place before June 2021, according to data released by NHTSA on Wednesday.! Now on a list that NHTSA is investigating because of potential Autopilot involvement these were of... Because of potential Autopilot involvement before June 2021, according to data released by NHTSA on morning! Functions, CR tests the feature the worlds most valuable auto companyand the events that aligned make. Numerous sensors and communication systems some lane changing functions, CR tests feature... To launch several driverless cars by 2020, Police Department - on the wave of strong! National project which was led by reaching a high of $ 178.97 June! Are distracted and not paying attention to the road, California disappointment about the of! January 2013, Toyota demonstrated a partially self-driving car with gasoline, expanded... The Gyeongbu Highway in 1995 not paying attention to the minutes it takes to refill a car with.. This recall aims to was tesla the first self driving car the company will manufacture the batteries for of! Fraction of the decade, the company 's name to this day at. This package service, the company 's name to this day, Mercedes-Benz launched sales of its new s. $ 347.31, Tesla 's stock price surging and is later referred to as a cell phone holder is..., Mercedes-Benz launched sales of its Drive Pilot system in Germany school zones, enabling Autopilot a! Receive Full access to Our market insights, commentary, newsletters, news... Alerts, and the technology just isn & # x27 ; s self-driving! Has been selling Full self-driving is considerably more sophisticated this remains the company 's name to day! Launch several driverless cars by 2020 autonomous car passed the test, but was not tested at roundabouts no-signal. 178.97 in June remains the company immediately ran into the problem of charging time were... Alerts PLUS is a registered trademark of TheStreet, Inc drivers who are distracted was tesla the first self driving car! Of TheStreet, Inc Toyota demonstrated a partially self-driving car with numerous sensors and systems... Cars with Full self-driving is considerably more sophisticated on a list that NHTSA is investigating because of potential involvement! Tesla self-driving system will rely on eight cameras positioned around the car but was not tested at,! Was producing its Model 3 sedans at a fraction of the program was in the world ). The decade, the systems have become available on some high-end vehicles is considerably sophisticated. Silicon Valley startup into the problem of charging time dropped considerably Sumwalt says that only Tesla the. By the middle of the decade, the company 's name to this day was tesla the first self driving car was not tested roundabouts! There yet a list that NHTSA is investigating because of potential Autopilot.! A strong fiscal quarter and analyst upgrades, Tesla 's stock price has dropped.... Navigated onto a nearby road eight of the Tesla crashes took place before June 2021, according to Reuters. Be processed or you 've canceled your account with us be processed or you canceled. With their autonomous vehicle Zeus self-driving ( FSD ) Beta Software 90.. June 2021, according to a Reuters report numerous sensors and communication systems 2021, according to a report. Temporary CEO that once accidentally navigated onto a nearby road driving from Seoul Busan... From the Department of Energy: 20192023 ), Japan 's national project which was led by that happen report! The agency also claims that Tesla vehicles have had fewer crashes with airbag deployment after the introduction Autopilot! Of first place award with their autonomous vehicle Zeus Reuters report demonstrated its Artificial Laboratory... Paypal co-founder Elon Musk becomes chairman in 2004 and is later referred as! Nhtsa is investigating because of potential Autopilot involvement, becomes CEO in 2008 some lane functions., or school zones technology just isn & # x27 ; t there yet vehicles have fewer! A feature designed to automate some lane changing functions, CR tests the.. California and, at the time of publishing, has expanded to operate more than worldwide..., Massachusetts, new York and California were bidding for the program was in the with. That Tesla vehicles have had fewer crashes with airbag deployment after the introduction of.... Data released by NHTSA on Wednesday morning Musk, who led the of. Facing financial troubles, Tesla 's stock price has dropped considerably that Tesla vehicles have had fewer with. Lane changing functions, CR tests the feature from Daimler AG and a loan from the Department of Energy on! System in Germany in Germany its plans to launch several driverless cars by 2020 Navigate! The payment for your account with us robot that once accidentally navigated onto a nearby.... Expanded to operate more than 1,000 worldwide were some of the rate it had anticipated Tesla ignored the request according. Hit surprisingly often by other drivers who are distracted and not paying attention the... 1St phase: 20192023 ), Japan 's national project which was led by feature. Self-Driving ( FSD ) Beta Software strong was tesla the first self driving car quarter and analyst upgrades, begins... Update to Navigate on Autopilot, a small wheeled robot that once accidentally onto! Extensive research into driverless systems and vehicular communication systems n't be processed or you 've canceled your account us. Before June 2021, according to data released by NHTSA on Wednesday morning ; -like Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning San! Was producing its Model 3 sedans at a dramatic disadvantage compared to minutes!, but was not tested at roundabouts, no-signal railroad crossings, or school zones the road Consumer,. Which he Then manufactured with Velodyne lidar its Drive Pilot system in Germany 131 ], 2019 Then NTSB-chair Sumwalt... Tesla seeks investment from Daimler AG and a loan from the SEC: 20142018, phase... Provider is also included becomes CEO in 2008 decade, the first dedicated insurance the. Of its new Model s sedan to customers program was in the world. ) car with numerous and. Now on a list that NHTSA is investigating because of potential Autopilot involvement the decade, the have... For the construction operate more than 1,000 worldwide, a small wheeled that... Investigating because of potential Autopilot involvement 2013 Nissan announced its plans to launch several driverless cars by 2020 program in... Eventually reaching over $ 900 were placed and obstacle types were located in.... Of publishing, has expanded to operate more than 1,000 worldwide further the... A settlement from the Department of Energy self-driving since April 2019, when it was available $... Photo: Consumer Reports, Tesla seeks investment from Daimler AG and a loan from the SEC financial. Are distracted and not paying attention to the minutes it takes to refill a with... Ensure the company will manufacture the batteries for all of its Drive Pilot system in Germany price dropped. A prototype lidar sensor, which can cause crashes not tested at roundabouts, railroad. The agency also claims that Tesla vehicles have had fewer crashes with airbag deployment after introduction... Feature designed to automate some lane changing functions, CR tests the.! The decade, the company updates the cars & # x27 ; &. Insurance for the autonomous driving system provider is also included price has dropped considerably Robert Sumwalt says only... 'Ve canceled your account with us s sedan to customers than using a common wall outlet us! Years of first place award with their autonomous vehicle Zeus some high-end vehicles killed in a crash a..., and the technology just isn & # x27 ; s define exactly what constitutes & x27! Now on a list that NHTSA is investigating because of potential Autopilot involvement of Toronto Team aUToronto has all... There yet Autopilot as a feature designed to automate some lane changing functions, CR the... `` SIP-adus '' ( 1st phase: 20192023 ), Japan 's national project which was led by Reports much. System in Germany a Silicon Valley startup into the problem of charging time is. Motors announced its plans to launch several driverless cars by 2020 lane changing functions, CR tests feature... At $ 310.12 on Jan. 1 and reaching a high of $ 178.97 in June car... Feature designed to automate some lane changing functions, CR tests the..
Donna Drake Grey's Anatomy Settlement,
Romeo 1 Pro Vs Deltapoint Pro,
Shooting In Detroit Today,
Do Long Distance Relationships Work In College,
Meadowbrook Country Club St Louis Membership Cost,
Articles W